一、改革的基本思路

　　1、 Basic ideas for reform

　　1、要進一步明確國有林場的發(fā)展方向和目標。國家投資設立國有林場的目的是大力造林、育林，加快森林資源培育，以保護和經(jīng)營管理森林資源為根本任務。在全面實施以生態(tài)建設為主的林業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，大力推進現(xiàn)代林業(yè)建設的新時期，必須對國有林場發(fā)展方向和目標進行重新定位，也就是要集中精力把培育擴大森林資源作為根本任務。要采取多種方式加快造林綠化進程,加強森林資源保護,強化經(jīng)營措施，不斷提高森林資源質(zhì)量。

　　1. We need to further clarify the development direction and goals of state-owned forest farms. The purpose of national investment in establishing state-owned forest farms is to vigorously promote afforestation and forest cultivation, accelerate the cultivation of forest resources, and take the protection and management of forest resources as the fundamental task. In the new era of fully implementing the forestry development strategy with ecological construction as the main focus and vigorously promoting modern forestry construction, it is necessary to reposition the development direction and goals of state-owned forest farms, that is, to focus on cultivating and expanding forest resources as the fundamental task. We need to adopt various methods to accelerate the afforestation and greening process, strengthen forest resource protection, enhance management measures, and continuously improve the quality of forest resources.

　　2、是要改革管理體制，完善相關(guān)配套政策。國有林場實行了近20年的事業(yè)單位、企業(yè)化管理、自收自支的管理體制，已不符合新時期林業(yè)發(fā)展的要求，必須從根本上進行改革。要按照市場經(jīng)濟條件下，社會公益性事業(yè)主要由政府負責、商品經(jīng)營性活動主要由市場運作的職能分工，把國有林場承擔的社會公益事業(yè)和以獲取經(jīng)濟效益為目的的商品經(jīng)營性活動相對分離開來，使以承擔生態(tài)建設這一公益事業(yè)為主要任務的國有林場納入政府管理的范疇，其建設所需投入主要由政府財政負責，為社會公益事業(yè)的發(fā)展提供保障；使以商品經(jīng)營性活動為主要任務的國有林場以及場辦經(jīng)營性項目，按照市場經(jīng)濟的要求進行運作，給予更靈活的政策，讓其在市場競爭中求得更好的發(fā)展。

　　2. We need to reform the management system and improve relevant supporting policies. The state-owned forest farms have implemented a management system of public institutions, enterprise management, and self financing for nearly 20 years, which no longer meets the requirements of forestry development in the new era and must be fundamentally reformed. Under the conditions of a market economy, social public welfare undertakings are mainly undertaken by the government, while commodity business activities are mainly operated by the market. The social public welfare undertakings undertaken by state-owned forest farms should be relatively separated from commodity business activities aimed at obtaining economic benefits. State owned forest farms, whose main task is to undertake ecological construction as a public welfare undertaking, should be included in the scope of government management. The investment required for their construction should be mainly borne by government finance, providing guarantees for the development of social public welfare undertakings; State owned forest farms and operational projects that focus on commercial activities should operate in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, and be given more flexible policies to achieve better development in market competition.

　　3、是要建立符合市場經(jīng)濟要求和國有林場特點的運行機制。要徹底改變國有林場管理機構(gòu)龐大，供養(yǎng)固定職工多，管理成本高，經(jīng)濟負擔沉重的現(xiàn)狀，變國家出錢養(yǎng)人為國家出錢辦事。生態(tài)公益型林場要按照所承擔的任務和管理的難易程度，合理核定事業(yè)編制。用人上全面推行聘用制和崗位責任制，林業(yè)生產(chǎn)性活動通過多種形式由社會力量來完成，商品經(jīng)營性活動面向市場經(jīng)營。

　　3. It is necessary to establish an operational mechanism that meets the requirements of a market economy and the characteristics of state-owned forest farms. We need to completely change the current situation of state-owned forest farm management institutions being huge, supporting a large number of fixed employees, high management costs, and heavy economic burdens, and turn the state into a provider of funds for the state to handle affairs. Ecological public welfare forest farms should reasonably determine their staffing levels based on the tasks they undertake and the difficulty of management. We will comprehensively implement the employment system and job responsibility system in terms of personnel, and forestry production activities will be completed by social forces through various forms, while commodity management activities will be market-oriented.

　　二、改革的主要任務

　　2、 The main task of reform

　　國有林場的綜合配套改革，主要涉及管理體制和經(jīng)營機制兩個方面。

　　The comprehensive supporting reform of state-owned forest farms mainly involves two aspects: management system and operating mechanism.

　　在管理體制方面：

　　In terms of management system:

　　1、是界定兩類林場，明確各自的性質(zhì)和相關(guān)政策。將生態(tài)區(qū)位重要、以公益林營造和管理為主要任務、主要發(fā)揮生態(tài)效益、為國家和社會提供生態(tài)產(chǎn)品的林場界定為生態(tài)公益型林場，按公益事業(yè)單位管理；將自然條件較好、以商品林和其他產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營為主要任務、主要發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟效益、為國家和社會提供物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的林場界定為商品經(jīng)營型林場，逐步推行企業(yè)化管理。

　　1. It is to define two types of forest farms, clarify their respective nature and related policies. Forest farms that have important ecological locations, focus on the construction and management of public welfare forests, mainly play an ecological role, and provide ecological products for the country and society are defined as ecological public welfare forest farms, managed as public welfare institutions; Forest farms with good natural conditions, mainly engaged in commercial forest and other industrial operations, mainly exerting economic benefits, and providing material products for the country and society are defined as commercial forest farms, and enterprise management is gradually promoted.

　　2、是生態(tài)公益型林場要根據(jù)事業(yè)發(fā)展的需要，按照“精簡、效率”的原則，重新核定事業(yè)編制，其人員經(jīng)費和機構(gòu)經(jīng)費納入同級人民政府財政預算。

　　2. Ecological public welfare forest farms should re evaluate their staffing based on the needs of their development, following the principles of "streamlining and efficiency". Their personnel and institutional funds should be included in the financial budget of the same level government.

　　3、是對于森林管護人員，與林場訂立勞動合同，通過政府購買服務或產(chǎn)品等方式，加大對生態(tài)公益型林場的投入力度。

　　3. It is for forest management personnel to sign labor contracts with forest farms and increase investment in ecological public welfare forest farms through government purchases of services or products.

　　在經(jīng)營機制方面：

　　In terms of business mechanism:

　　1、是生態(tài)公益型林場要建立以聘用制為基礎的用人制度。商品經(jīng)營型林場的勞動人事制度，可以參照國家對企業(yè)的有關(guān)法律法規(guī)執(zhí)行。

　　1. Ecological public welfare forest farms need to establish a personnel system based on the employment system. The labor and personnel system of commodity operated forest farms can be implemented in accordance with relevant laws and regulations of the state for enterprises.

　　2、是生態(tài)公益型林場的各類商品經(jīng)營性活動和產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)項目，都要按市場機制運作，組建獨立法人實體經(jīng)營。國有林場的造林、撫育、森林采伐以及其他生產(chǎn)性活動，要引入市場機制，采取承包或向社會招標等形式進行

　　2. All types of commercial activities and industrial development projects of ecological public welfare forest farms must operate according to market mechanisms and establish independent legal entities for operation. The afforestation, nurturing, forest logging, and other productive activities of state-owned forest farms should introduce market mechanisms and adopt forms such as contracting or bidding to the society

　　3、是生態(tài)公益型林場范圍內(nèi)各種資源的開發(fā)利用和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，按照“公開、公正、公平”的原則，通過招投標的方式，采取面向市場的辦法進行。

　　3. The development and utilization of various resources and industrial development within the scope of ecological public welfare forest farms are carried out in accordance with the principles of "openness, fairness, and impartiality" through bidding and market-oriented methods.

　　三、改革的保障措施

　　3、 Guarantee measures for reform

　　為了確保國有林場改革的順利實施，切實把各項改革政策落到實處，真正實現(xiàn)改革的目標，必須認真解決好以下幾個方面的問題：

　　In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the reform of state-owned forest farms, effectively implement various reform policies, and truly achieve the goals of reform, it is necessary to seriously solve the following problems:

　　1、是要妥善安置國有林場職工。生態(tài)公益型林場除納入事業(yè)編制的人員外，其余人員要通過長期聘用森林管護人員、利用林場現(xiàn)有經(jīng)營性項目轉(zhuǎn)為企業(yè)職工、內(nèi)部退養(yǎng)、領取一次性安置費后自謀職業(yè)等多種途徑進行妥善安置。

　　1. It is necessary to properly arrange the employment of state-owned forest farm workers. Except for personnel included in the establishment of public welfare forest farms, other personnel in ecological public welfare forest farms should be properly resettled through various means such as long-term employment of forest management and protection personnel, conversion of existing business projects into enterprise employees, internal retirement, and self employment after receiving one-time resettlement fees.

　　2、是解決好國有林場職工社會保險問題。需要分門別類制定具體政策，解決不同類別職工參加養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等社會保險問題，解除職工的后顧之憂。

　　2. It is to solve the problem of social insurance for employees of state-owned forest farms. Specific policies need to be formulated according to different categories to address the issue of different types of employees participating in social insurance such as pension and medical care, and to relieve their worries.

　　3、是解決國有林場積累的債務問題。要在深入調(diào)查研究的基礎上，提出解決國有林場各類債務的具體政策，為國有林場發(fā)展創(chuàng)造寬松的環(huán)境。

　　3. It is to solve the debt problem accumulated by state-owned forest farms. On the basis of in-depth investigation and research, specific policies should be proposed to solve various debts of state-owned forest farms, creating a relaxed environment for the development of state-owned forest farms.

　　4、是切實解決國有林場建設投入問題。要通過制定具體政策，把國有林場的各類基礎設施建設以及營造林、森林防火、病蟲害防治等投入，逐步納入國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設規(guī)劃，加大扶持力度，為國有林場穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展提供保障。

　　4. It is a practical solution to the problem of investment in the construction of state-owned forest farms. We need to gradually incorporate various infrastructure construction, afforestation, forest fire prevention, pest control and other investments in state-owned forest farms into the national economic and social development plan and the socialist new rural construction plan through the formulation of specific policies, increase support, and provide guarantees for the stable and healthy development of state-owned forest farms.

　　本文由  森林資源資產(chǎn)評估  友情奉獻.更多有關(guān)的知識請點擊  http://mariotti-pecini.com.cn/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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