一、苗木價(jià)值的核心評(píng)估指標(biāo)

　　1、 Core evaluation indicators for the value of seedlings

　　1. 生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)

　　1. Growth indicators

　　胸徑：地面以上1.3米處樹干直徑，是定價(jià)的核心依據(jù)。例如，香樟胸徑每增加1cm，價(jià)格通常上漲15%20%（中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院數(shù)據(jù)）。

　　Diameter at breast height: The diameter of the tree trunk at a height of 1.3 meters above ground level is the core basis for pricing. For example, for every 1cm increase in the diameter at breast height of camphor trees, the price usually increases by 15% to 20% (according to data from the Chinese Academy of Forestry).

　　樹高與冠幅：直接影響景觀效果。如5米高廣玉蘭全冠苗比截干苗價(jià)格高30%50%。

　　Tree height and crown width: directly affect the landscape effect. A 5-meter-high fully crowned magnolia seedling is 30% to 50% more expensive than a dried seedling.

　　樹齡：珍貴樹種如銀杏，20年樹齡苗木價(jià)格可達(dá)同規(guī)格普通樹種的3倍。

　　Tree age: Precious tree species such as ginkgo can be sold for up to three times the price of ordinary tree species of the same specifications at 20 years of age.

　　2. 健康狀態(tài)

　　2. Health status

　　病蟲害、機(jī)械損傷會(huì)使價(jià)值降低40%60%。評(píng)估時(shí)需檢查葉片完整性（缺損率＜5%為優(yōu)質(zhì)）、根系發(fā)育狀況（土球直徑需達(dá)胸徑810倍）。

　　Diseases, pests, and mechanical damage can reduce the value by 40% to 60%. When evaluating, it is necessary to check the integrity of the leaves (a defect rate of less than 5% is considered high-quality) and the development of the root system (the diameter of the soil ball should reach 810 times the diameter at breast height).

　　二、市場(chǎng)與政策影響因素

　　2、 Market and policy influencing factors

　　1. 供需關(guān)系

　　1. Supply and demand relationship

　　稀缺品種如日本紅楓，2米高苗單價(jià)可達(dá)8000元，而常見國(guó)槐同規(guī)格僅300500元。

　　Rare varieties such as Japanese red maple can cost up to 8000 yuan per 2-meter-high seedling, while common Chinese locust trees of the same size cost only 300500 yuan.

　　地域差異明顯：北方油松價(jià)格比南方高約25%（《中國(guó)苗木市場(chǎng)年度報(bào)告2023》）。

　　There are significant regional differences: the price of Pinus tabulaeformis in the north is about 25% higher than that in the south (Annual Report on China's Nursery Market 2023).

　　2. 政策導(dǎo)向

　　2. Policy orientation

　　生態(tài)修復(fù)工程推動(dòng)抗逆性樹種（如檉柳）需求，2022年起價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)12%。

　　Ecological restoration projects are driving demand for stress resistant tree species such as tamarisk, with an average annual price increase of 12% starting from 2022.

　　三、專業(yè)評(píng)估方法對(duì)比

　　3、 Comparison of Professional Evaluation Methods

　　方法適用場(chǎng)景案例說明

　　Case study explanation of applicable scenarios for the method

　　成本法

　　law of costs

　　新培育苗木

　　Newly cultivated seedlings

　　計(jì)算3年生紫薇苗（含地租、人工）成本約180元/株

　　Calculate the cost of a 3-year-old crape myrtle seedling (including rent and labor) at approximately 180 yuan per plant

　　市場(chǎng)法

　　Market Law

　　流通量大品種

　　Large circulation varieties

　　參照本地市場(chǎng)同規(guī)格桂花成交價(jià)

　　Referring to the transaction price of osmanthus flowers of the same specifications in the local market

　　收益法

　　Income approach

　　果樹、經(jīng)濟(jì)林

　　Fruit trees, economic forests

　　預(yù)估5年后蘋果苗年產(chǎn)果收益折現(xiàn)

　　Estimated discounted annual yield of apple seedlings in 5 years

　　四、操作流程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建議

　　4、 Suggestions for standardizing operational procedures

　　1. 實(shí)地測(cè)量：使用輪尺測(cè)胸徑（誤差±0.1cm），激光測(cè)距儀量樹高。

　　1. Field measurement: Use a compass to measure the diameter at breast height (with an error of ± 0.1cm), and use a laser rangefinder to measure the height of the tree.

　　2. 分級(jí)認(rèn)證：依據(jù)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分Ⅰ級(jí)（優(yōu)質(zhì)）、Ⅱ級(jí)（合格）、Ⅲ級(jí)（淘汰）。

　　2. Classification certification: According to national standards, it is divided into Level I (high quality), Level II (qualified), and Level III (eliminated).

　　3. 動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整：每季度更新區(qū)域價(jià)格數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，參考中國(guó)苗木網(wǎng)等平臺(tái)成交均價(jià)。

　　3. Dynamic adjustment: Update the regional price database every quarter, referring to the average transaction price on platforms such as China Nursery Stock Network.

　　注：特殊價(jià)值附加（如古樹名木）需委托專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)評(píng)估，其文化價(jià)值可能占總值60%以上。

　　Note: Special value additions (such as ancient and famous trees) need to be evaluated by professional institutions, and their cultural value may account for more than 60% of the total value.

　　本文由  林木資產(chǎn)價(jià)格評(píng)估 友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://mariotti-pecini.com.cn/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is dedicated to the evaluation of forest asset prices For more related knowledge, please click http://mariotti-pecini.com.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.